Cavity drill or reamer



(No Model.)

J. GREEK.

CAVITY DRILL 0R REAMER.

No. 372,463. Patented Nov. 1, 1887. "55 .5 $5 -51- au/n/w W ATTORNEYS.

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NITE STATES PATENT Fries.

JOHN GREEK, OF EVANSVILLE, INDIANA.

CAVITY DRILL OR R EAMER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 372,463, dated November 1, 1887.

Application filed December 3, 1886. Serial No. 220,574.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN GREEK, ofEvansville, in the county of Vanderburg and State of Indiana, have invented a new and Im proved Cavity Drill or Reamer, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to a drill or reamer adapted to produce a cavity or enlargement of bored holes, forming wells sunk to secure oil, gas, or other fluid, and also for enlarging the bottoms of holes bored for mining or blasting purposes while sinking shafts or cutting tunnels and performing other work of this character; and the invention has for its object to provide a tool of this class which is simple in construction, and is strong and durable, and may be worked with ease and certainty, and will form an elliptical cavity in which the tool will not stick, and which may be Very easily cleaned out and charged with explosives to be fired for inducing or increasing the flow from the well or for increasing the dislodging effects of explosives used in blasting or mining operations.

The invention consists in. certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts of the cavity drill orreamer, all as hereinafter fully described and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a partof this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional eleva ion V illustrating the operation of my improved cavity drill or reamer in a bored well. Fig. 2 is a side elevation ot' the tool with the removable side plate detached. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the tool, taken at a right angle to Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a sectional plan View taken on the line :0 00, Fig. 3; and Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are perspective views of different styles of cutting-bits adapted for use in the tool.

The main body part A of the cavity drill or reamer is cut away or formed at its lower end with aside recess, a, which has asemicireular form at its upper end, as at a. In this recess a a are placed the two cutters or bits B B of the tool, which are pivoted on a pin, 0, so as (No model.)

to swing laterally. A removable cap and guide-plate, D, is fitted to a side rabbet or recess of the tool, and preferably has a dowelpin, d, fitting a hole in the tool-body A, to which the plate D is held by screws (1 d. (See Fig. 3 of the drawings.)

The bit-expanding or wedge block E has two oppositely-inclined faces, 6 c, at its upper end and on which theinner or lower edges or backs of the cutting-bits B B rest. At diagonally-opposite corners and at its upper end the wedge-block is provided with lugs or lips F F, which move along recesses ff, made in the lower ends of the tool body A and capplate D, and are adapted to strike shoulders f at the lower ends of the recesses f to prevent fall of the wedge-block from the tool. At its other two diagonally-opposite corners and at its lower part the wedgeblock E is provided with long lugs or lips G G, which slide on rabbeted or recessed faces 9 g at the lower ends of the tool body A and cap plate'D, respectively, and the tops of these lugs G are adapted to strike shoulders g at the upper ends of the recesses g to limit the upward movement of the wedge-block,so as topreventjamming ofand injury to the cutters by the wedge-block. In other words, the upward movement of the wedgeblock is stopped by the lugs and shoulders G g a little short of a point where the inclined faces 0 e of the wedge block would drive the shanks of the cutting-bits hard against the adjacent shoulders a) of the head of the recess a of the body of the tool when the cavity or enlargement of the well bore is quite fully formed, thus relieving the bits of strain.

\Vhen the cap-plate D is removed the wedge block E may be removed for repair or renewal, and by simply withdrawing the pivot O and without removing the plateD the cutting-bits may be removed for dressing them or for substitution of other bits, as the nature of the Work to be done may require. The head of the tool hasa screw threaded boss, I-I,to which the drill-rod I may be connected, as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings.

The operation of the tool is as follows: Then the ordinary well drilling orboring tool is removed from the hole J made by it in the earth, the cavity-reaming drill will be conneeted to the drill-rod I and will be lowered to the bottom of the drilled hole. The reamer may be operated either by an up-and-down reciprocating stroke or by a rotary motion and by any suitable mechanism at the mouth of the we1l,-and as the reamer is operated the outer edges, I) b, of its opposite cutters or bits B B will be forced by the faces e 0' of the Wedgeblock E against the walls of the hole J until the block E can rise no farther or is stopped at the shoulders g,and whereby a cavity, K,of the elliptical form shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings,will be produced at or'close to thebottom of the well to receive an explosive charge u which will be fired to start or increase the flow ing block E is marked on the drill-rod above the top of the hole or any gage set thereat, and when the drill-rod mark reaches the top of the hole or the aforesaid gage,the cavity K will have been fully cut or reamed out by the tool. Consequently no time need be lost in raising the tool andexamining the cavity,and the reaming is not done by guess-work, but with confidence and certainty as to results.

The elliptical cavity or pocket K formed by the reamer is much easier to clean out and charge with explosives than cavities of other form produced by bits of other shape; and. as the cutting-edges b of my bits are rounded or convexed from the bore J, which they enlarge to the ends of the bits, and as the bits never rise higher in producing the elliptical cavity K than the positions shown in Fig. 1, or considerably below the horizontal, the bits will always drop promptly by gravity from thetop of the cavity as the reaming progresses,when the tool is lifted. Hence the tool will not stick in the cavity as tools having bits of other form cutting a different shaped cavity are likely to do, especially toward the finishing of the cavity.

, By convexing or rounding over the cuttingedge I) of the bit B, between the eye or head of the bit and its point, the cutter is left very strong and may be made easily and cheaply.

This cavity drill or reamer may be used in anysize hole rangingvertically or at any angle, and may be worked successfully at any depth in any grade of rock. A

The convexed cutting-edge of one of the bits B (shown in the tool) is formed with an angular concavity producing two cuttingedges,one along or at each side face of the tool, while the A edge of the other bit B -in the tool is beveled from one face of the tool to its other face to provide a single cutting-edge thereat.

It is evident that the convexed edges 1) of the bits may be formed or sharpened or fitted with cutters in various ways, examples belng seen in the cutters or bits shown in Figs. 5 to 9 of the drawings.

Fig. 5 shows a bit having an angular groove, 1, ranging diagonally across the edge of the bit from its point, thus providing two cuttingedges, 2 3, and a third cutting'edge is provided at 4 by chamfering off the side of the bit near its point.

Fig. 6 shows a bit adapted more especially for rotary action and provided at its convexed edge with one sharp edge, 5, in front of and parallel with which is a groove, 6, for clearance of the cuttings,and the edge of the bit is chamfered or beveled backward from the sharp edge 5 also for proper clearance of the cutter.

Fig. 7 shows a bit fitted at its edge with diamond or carbon points 7. 4

Fig. 8 shows a bit having its edge grooved or notched transversely to provide projecting lips or tongues 8, which do the cutting, and Fig. 9 shows a bit having in its edge a centrally-ranging angular groove, 9, a rear-face formed, and all of the bits will operate to make a cavity of the same form and with like advantages as regards the easy removal of the reamer from the hole.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, in a drill or reamer, of a body, A, recessed at a, a removable side cap-plate, D, held to the body A and overlapping its recess a, a wedge-block, E, provided with oppositely-inclined faces a 0, stops and shoulders on the, parts A D E, guiding and preventing detachment of the block E, and bits or cutters pivoted in the body-recess a and resting on the inclined faces of the wedge-block, substantially as described, for the purposes set forth.

2. The combination, in a drill or reamer, of a body, A, recessed at-a, a removable side capplate, D, held to the body and overlapping its recess a, thereby forming a slot to receive the pivoted bits or cutters, and a wedge-block, E, having oppositely-inclined faces 6' 6, adapted to' spread the cutters, and said parts A D E provided with guide-lips F G and stop-shoulders f g, substantially as shown and described.

3. The combination, in a drill or reamer, of a body, A, bits or cutters B B, pivoted thereto and provided with convexed cuttingenlargernent 0f elliptical form will be pr0- edges b, a sliding Wedge-block, E, held to the duced by the reamcr, as and for the purposes body A and having inclined faces adapted to set forth.

spread the cutters, substantially as speeified, JOHN GREEK. 5 and stops arranged to limit the upward inove- Vitnesses:

ment of the wedge-block, substantially as I M. R. ANTIIES,

shown and described, whereby a cavity or I D. H. LAUPHEAR. 

